Beethoven Berlioz And Chopin Essays - Age Of Enlightenment

Beethoven Berlioz And Chopin Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770 to Johann van Beethoven and his wife, Maria Magdalena. He took his first music lessons from his father, who was tenor in the choir of the archbishop-elector of Cologne. His father was an unstable, yet ambitious man whose excessive drinking, rough temper and anxiety surprisingly did not diminish Beethoven's love for music. He studied and performed with great success, despite becoming the breadwinner of his household by the time he was 18 years old. His father's increasingly serious alcohol problem and the earlier death of his grandfather in 1773 sent his family into deepening poverty. At first, Beethoven made little impact on the musical society, despite his father's hopes. When he turned 11, he left school and became an assistant organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at the court of Bonn, learning from him and other musicians. In 1783 he became the continuo player for the Bonn opera and accompanied their rehearsals on keyboard. In 1787, he was sent to Vienna to take further lessons from Mozart. Two months later, however, he was called back to Bonn by the death of his mother. He started to play the viola in the Opera Orchestra in 1789, while also teaching in composing. He met Haydn in 1790, who agreed to teach him in Vienna, and Beethoven then moved to Vienna permanently. He received financial support from Prince Karl Lichnowsky, to whom he dedicated his Piano Sonata in C minor, better known as The Path?tique . He performed publicly in Vienna in 1795 for the first time, and published his Op. 1 and Op. 2 piano sonatas. His works are traditionally divided into three periods. The first is called the Viennese Classical, the second is the Heroic, and the third is Late Beethoven. In the first period, his individuality and style gradually developed, as he used many methods from Haydn, including the use of silence. He composed mainly for the piano during this period. These works include Symphony no. 1 in C (1800), his first six string quartets, and the Path?tique (1799). His Moonlight Sonata in C# minor (1801) is known as the first of Heroic Beethoven. Beethoven learned that he would become deaf in 1802 and suffered sever depression. His composing skills were not affected by his deafness, but his ability to teach and perform was inhibited. It is said that he became deaf from his habit of pouring cold water over his head while composing, to refresh himself, and then not drying his massive amounts of hair afterwards. He wrote his only opera, Fidelio in 1805. The main theme of the opera revolves around fidelity, which reflects his personal desire to marry. Other works in the Heroic period include the Kreuzer Sonata (1803), symphonies 3 ? 7, the Violin Concerto in D major (1806), the Razumovsky Quartets (1806), the Emperor Concerto (1809) and the Archduke Trio, Op. 97 (1811). After 1813, during his Late period, Beethoven composed inwardly. He was totally deaf, as this is sometimes known as the "silent period." Some say that Beethoven was composing music for a different age. His life became more chaotic and he composed less and less. In his works, he used more miniaturization and expansion. The music began to become "odd" as he began to experiment with the number of movements, contrast in volume and dynamics, harmonic predictability, sonata movements and trills in his works. Beethoven became increasingly argumentative as he was further tormented by his deafness. Goethe described his attitude as aggressive, and perhaps understandable, but not easy to live with. He gave his last performance in 1814, on the piano, but continued to be a respected composer in Viennese society. Some of his late achievements include the Diabelli Variations (1820-1823), the last piano sonatas and six string quartets, the Mass in D major, Missa Solemnis (1823), the Choral Symphony, no. 9 (1824), in which he set Schiller's "Ode to Joy" in the final movement. At Beethoven's death in 1827, Franz Grillparzer best described him during his funeral address when he said: "despite all these absurdities, there was something so touching and ennobling about him that one could not help admiring him and feeling drawn to him." Berlioz Louis Hector Berlioz was born on December 11, 1803, in La Cote-Saint-Andre, a very small town in the east of France, fairly close to Grenoble, and a little further from Lyon. His father was a very respected doctor, an openly declared atheist and also a music lover. His mother was a Catholic. He was

Free Essays on Stress

Stress Stress is the combination of psychological, physiological, and behavioral reactions that people have in response to events that threaten or challenge themselves. It is an invisible enemy that can overtake a life. This topic is important because it affects lives of many college students and can happen to anyone, even a pet. When treated in the correct way stress can be eliminated and overcome. Stress is often not helpful and can even be harmful when not managed effectively. Moreover, stress can increase the risk of developing health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and anxiety disorders. Stress responses are psychological, physiological, and behavioral reactions to stressors. Anxiety, depression, concentration difficulties, and muscle tension are all examples of stress responses. Stress includes many types of stressors, referred to as emotional, family, and psychological. Stressors are events that threaten or challenge people. Specific types of stressors occur within certain situations in life, such as family, work, and school. Specific types of stressors that family members are exposed to through their family include a lack of parent-child emotional bonding, misbehavior of children, teenage pregnancy, divorce, and remarriage. Marital conflict is a good example of a daily hassle that is specifically related to the family. Marital conflict tends to occur when spouses come from different social and economic backgrounds, and the spouse of higher status emphasizes his or her superiority (Charlesworth, 20-21). Students in college often feel overwhelmed from having too many assignments or assignments that are too difficult. They sometimes experience role ambiguity in poorly designed courses or from poor instructors, and sometimes experience role conflict from instructors who seem to believe that the students in their classes are not taking any other classes. The following stressors are particularly relevant for college stu... Free Essays on Stress Free Essays on Stress Stress Stress is the combination of psychological, physiological, and behavioral reactions that people have in response to events that threaten or challenge themselves. It is an invisible enemy that can overtake a life. This topic is important because it affects lives of many college students and can happen to anyone, even a pet. When treated in the correct way stress can be eliminated and overcome. Stress is often not helpful and can even be harmful when not managed effectively. Moreover, stress can increase the risk of developing health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and anxiety disorders. Stress responses are psychological, physiological, and behavioral reactions to stressors. Anxiety, depression, concentration difficulties, and muscle tension are all examples of stress responses. Stress includes many types of stressors, referred to as emotional, family, and psychological. Stressors are events that threaten or challenge people. Specific types of stressors occur within certain situations in life, such as family, work, and school. Specific types of stressors that family members are exposed to through their family include a lack of parent-child emotional bonding, misbehavior of children, teenage pregnancy, divorce, and remarriage. Marital conflict is a good example of a daily hassle that is specifically related to the family. Marital conflict tends to occur when spouses come from different social and economic backgrounds, and the spouse of higher status emphasizes his or her superiority (Charlesworth, 20-21). Students in college often feel overwhelmed from having too many assignments or assignments that are too difficult. They sometimes experience role ambiguity in poorly designed courses or from poor instructors, and sometimes experience role conflict from instructors who seem to believe that the students in their classes are not taking any other classes. The following stressors are particularly relevant for college stu... Free Essays on Stress By: ryan Stress in the Work Place. How to Create a Productive and Healthy Work Environment. Under the author’s perspective, the justification of studying stress in organizations is due to its effect, positive or negative, on the efficiency and vitality of employees and organizations as a whole. Stress is a common denominator in organizations all over the world. Furthermore, some developed countries have indeed increased its levels of stress among employees in alarming rates. Under this perspective, the author seeks to find the elements needed to reduce stress in the organization, and also to maintain the health and vitality of workers in the organization. To answer these, the following five suggestions are introduced: a) If in a leadership position, carefully determine whether organization restructuring is in the best interests of your company – and the employees. To explain this point, the author claims that most of corporate America’s restructuring in the way of layoffs , brings poor productivity results and in most cases low impact on earnings or stock performance. On the other hand, layoffs produce serious moral problems caused by restructuring. The first to be directly affected are obviously the employees who are laid off. For these people, the author suggests close contact with the dismissed employees in the form of counseling and instruments focused at helping them to obtain new positions at other organization. The author continues by commenting that not only the employees that are leaving are the ones affected but also the ones that stay. The reason for this is the degree of uncertainty that lay offs produce on the employees and management that stay in the organization. To upset this problem, the author suggests a thorough explanation of the financial and operational reason for â€Å"right-sizing† the organization.... Free Essays on Stress Introduction Throughout the eighties and into the nineties, work stress have continued to rise dramatically in organisations across North America. The eighties saw employees stressing out from working in a rapidly growing economy. During the nineties, beginning from the recession of 1992 till present day, employees are stressed by their own job insecurities in the face of massive downsizing and restructuring of organisations in order to be competitive on the global stage. Work stress is a very extensive topic ranging from research on the sources of stress, the effects of stress, to ways on managing and reducing stress. This report will focus first on the evidence for the harmful effects of stress at work, both mentally and physically. The last section will briefly explain why management should be concerned with rising employee stress and will describe some actions management can take to alleviate work stress. 2.0 Harmful Effects of Stress Most research studies indicate a high correla tion between stress and illness. According to authorities in the United States and Great Britain, as much as 70% of patients that are treated by general practitioners are suffering from symptoms originating from stress . Everyone experiences stress, however, each person responds to stress very differently. Their response is dependent on how each person reacts to stress emotionally, mentally, and physically. There are, however, common effects of stress for most people on the physical and mental body. 2.1 Physical Effects The researcher Blyth in 1973 identified a list of diseases which have a fairly high causal relationships with stress. The World Health Organisation and consultations with the J.R. Geigy Pharmaceutical Company obtained his evidence through interviews with medical experts, review of reports. The following is a list of some of the illnesses Blyth had identified : 1. Hypertension2. Coronary thrombosis3. Hay fever and other allergies4. Migraine he...

Earth's Deserts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Earth's Deserts - Research Paper Example The most important abiotic factor which influences the desert ecosystem is rainfall. Most deserts are characterized by the fact that it experiences little or no rainfall. The deserts receive a total of less than 300 mm of rainfall per year, where a rainforest receives about 2000 mm. The lack of rain, and ultimately water in a desert makes the vegetation scarce and influences the adaptation of the plants and organisms. Plants such as cacti which are very common in a desert ecosystem have adapted to the scarcity of water by storing water in their stems. The saguaro cacti do not have very deep roots, allowing it to soak up rain and dew before it evaporates. It's spongy surface inside expands to hold more water (Cunningham n.d.). Bushes develop small and few leave, but long roots to adapt to the harsh conditions by conserving water. Some plants are short lived and grow only during when rain is available. Temperature is another important factor which has a great impact on the ecosystem which ultimately is affected by another abiotic factor, sunlight. The temperature in the deserts reaches its extremes on a daily basis because there is no humidity in the desert air to block the Sun rays. Mean annual temperature in North American deserts like Chihuahuan, Sonoran, and Mojave, for example, is 20-25Â ° whereas it can reach up to 49Â °. Minimum temperature here can drop to -18Â ° as well. But temperatures can be so high that rain starts falling and gets evaporated whilst it reaches the ground (The desert biome. (n.d.).